Step-by-Step beginner's guide to installing Ubuntu 11.10

If there are any mistakes please draw my attention to them and I will correct as needed. I have tried to make this as simple as possible, whilst covering the vast majority of scenarios users will come across whilst installing this operating system.

Step 1:
The first thing you should do is head to http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download and download Ubuntu 11.10 LiveCD. Just click the big orange Start download box.

Step 2:
Using your disc burning software, burn the .iso you downloaded to a CD.

Step 3:
Before you go any further, ensure all important data is backed up in case of data loss on your drives. This guide assumes you have media backups of your Windows partitioned hard drive and you are safe to proceed.

***Warning: Installing another operating system without first ensuring you have backups of your current files and operating system is a big risk. If you have no data to lose or you’ve backed up important data, you’re ready to proceed. YOU are responsible if you lose data.For those of you using Windows, and installing Linux for the first time I recommend you either use a separate hard disk that does not contain the Windows OS, or create a partition big enough for Linux within Windows using Disk Management in the Administrative Tools menu of the control panel. 30GB of hard disk space is absolutely plenty of space for you to begin exploring Ubuntu whilst at the same time having room to grow.

Step 4:
Ensure you have a network cable connected, restart your computer, and boot from the CD drive.

Step 5:
The LiveCD will load up, and you'll be presented by the following box:



For the purposes of this guide, we will assume you've already tried Ubuntu and want to proceed with an installation, so click "Install Ubuntu."

Step 6:
You'll be greeted by the "Preparing to install Ubuntu" screen, exactly as below:



I recommend you select "Install third-party software" as I have done in the screenshot above. I prefer to do system updates once up and running, but if you have the extra time you can also select "download updates while installing" as well. Then click continue.

Step 7:
The next screen you will see is "installation type," what you see will be dependent on whether you have an existing Windows installation or not.

I'm going to split this into three different sub-steps, to make it as simple as possible.

Step 7-A:
For those installing in a virtual machine or to hard disks without an OS you will see the following screen:



You have two choices:

1. Erase the entire disk and use all of it for installation -- Ubuntu will automatically partition your disk and proceed with installation.
2. Select "something else" and manually create your partitions (which is covered in detail in step 7-C).

If you are choosing the first option, select the radio button and then click continue, proceeding to step 8.

Step 7-B:
Those of you that have current Windows installations or are going to dual-boot with another existing OS will be presented with a screen similar to below:




You have three options available:

1. You can choose the first option and install Ubuntu alongside your existing OS.
2. You can opt to replace your Windows installation with Ubuntu, allowing the installer to format your current partitions and automatically create new ones for Linux.
3. You can choose "something else" and create your own partition scheme and sizing (covered in detail in step 7-C).

Once you have selected which route you wish to proceed with click continue and proceed to step 8.

Step 7-C:
Having selected the "something else" option you will be presented with the following window:




Linux recognizes and assigns IDs to drive in a different manner to Windows. In the above image, you can clearly see my hard disk in the list. It is identified by "/dev/sda." Linux recognizes drives in the following way:
• Sda = 1st drive
• Sdb = 2nd drive
• Sdc = 3rd drive and so on

Partitions are also shown after the drive letters. So if I had 2 partitions on my first disk, they would be identified as:
• Sda1 – 1st drive, 1st partition
• Sda2 – 1st drive, 2nd partition

You will not see the common Windows C: label in the disk menu in the above list. You do, however, have key things to help you recognize your Windows C: drive. Both of these can be used to identify which is your Windows disk.
• The size of the disk is shown
• The name of the drive is shown

This is your current partition layout for your hard disks. If you have more than one disk, they will show up as /dev/sda, /dev/sdb etc.

Firstly, identify your Windows installation. In my case, it's sda1 (which is my first hard disk, first partition). What you see depends on how you created the extra space. I just resized the Windows partition from within Windows, and left the free space ready to install Linux. I recommend using Windows or a free utility from within Windows to resize your partition as most beginners will understand it more.

Therefore, we now need create a minimum of two partitions:

Click "Add" and the following box will appear:



You will notice I have already filled out the example above to create a 10GB root partition.

You can have a maximum of 4 primary partitions, or 3 primary partitions and 1 logical (which allows for another 64 partitions)
The size above is 10.00GB. e.g 1,000 = 1GB 10,000 = 10GB (Remember to leave enough free remaining space to create your SWAP partition!)
Location for new partition: e.g. do you want it at the start or end of the free space. Select beginning.
Use as: Ext4 is the recommended file system for Ubuntu, much the same as NTFS is Windows. SWAP is for SWAP space.
Mount point: This is where you want the partition to mount. E.g. we need a root partition, which in Linux is denoted by a "/".

Click OK once you have finished setting the partition information and you will return to your partition screen, now showing the root partition you just created. Using the same methods as before, create a SWAP partition.

I recommend you set the size of your SWAP partition to at least the size of your available RAM. If you have plenty of hard disk capacity I would suggest you use double the size. So if you have 2GB of RAM, set it to either 2GB or 4GB. For best performance it is recommended you have your SWAP partition at the beginning or end of your drive.

Once you have done that, you should be looking at something like below.



So to re-cap the above, (in my example) we have the following:

• /dev/sda1 is your Windows partition.
• /dev/sda2 is your new root partition (Windows equiv. of C.
• /dev/sda3 is your SWAP space.

Once you are happy with the changes you have made, click install now and proceed to the next step.

Step 8:
As the installation starts to copy the required files to the hard disk, you will be presented with a screen to select your locale. It should automatically find where you are, as it has for me already:



Just double check it is correct, and then select continue.

Step 9:
The next screen to appear will be keyboard layout:



Ensure the correct option is selected, above you will see the correct (and default UK) selection has been automatically made for me.

Step 10:
You will now be greeted by the "who are you" screen, ready for you to fill out with your user details:




The computers name and username will automatically populate when you type your full name. You can however edit them as you please. Fill in the details and then click continue.

You can opt to have Ubuntu automatically log in for you -- even with a password set -- or you can choose the traditional option requiring a password to log in. You really don't need to choose the encrypt option unless you're installing on a laptop and are dealing with highly secure information.

Step 11:
The installation information screens will now appear as Ubuntu continues the installation:



Step 12:
Once installation has finished, you will be presented with the following box:



Select "restart now" and when requested, remove your installation CD, then press enter to reboot.

Step 13:
For those of you that have Ubuntu as the only OS the computer will boot directly into Linux. If you're dual-booting, you will see the GRUB menu appear similar to below:



Hit enter, to select the first option and load your newly installed Ubuntu OS.

Step 14:
For those that elected to automatically log into Ubuntu, you will go straight to the desktop in Step 15. For everyone else, you will be greeted with the new login manager for Ubuntu:




Enter your password, and hit enter to login to your desktop.

Step 15:
Your desktop should look like this:




Step 16:
Before we proceed further, let's check for updates. Click on the power button on the top right corner of the screen and select "check for updates," or words to that effect.




I'd already run updates on this install so the example above is displaying "software up to date," but the picture highlights where you need to select anyway.

Upon selecting the update option, the update manager will appear, as below:




If it comes up with no available updates, just select "check" again to verify that it is correct. Having done the same thing myself, I was presented with the updates you see above. For those that opted to install updates during installation it is unlikely there will be further updates required.

You might be asked to enter your password to confirm changes. If prompted, enter your password and click OK. The same is true of any notifications that may appear during updating the OS.

Once complete select close, and restart Ubuntu.The power button is located on the top right corner of the screen. Click this and select shutdown.

Step 17:
No install is complete without full support for mp3s, core MS fonts, DVD playback codecs, Flash and Java, so let'sgo ahead and sort this now.

Click the black Ubuntu menu button at the top left corner of the screen and in the menu that appears, type "software centre" and select the Ubuntu Software Centre. Once open, click the search bar, type "restricted" and the following should appear:




Select Ubuntu restricted extras, and then click on the install button.

Authentication is much like UAC (user access control) in windows Vista and 7. It is required to elevate your user privileges to that of root (Linux administrator).

Ubuntu restricted extras will now download, sort any dependencies and install. You can check its progress by viewing the progress bar above the install button. Once finished the In Progress tab will disappear -- restart Linux.It's not strictly necessary, but I always do it after installing this package so everything can start up properly.

Now you can enjoy your new OS and begin exploring its features.


======================================================


If I'm reading this correctly, you have the following existing Windows partitions:

1. System reserved (~100MB)
2. OS restore partition used to restore OS to factory settings (~several GB in size)
3. Windows C Disk (lots of GB's).

You've then used Windows to make a forth partition (and then fifth) when trying to get Windows running.

Partitions 1-3 (Windows) will be primary hard disks. The issue here is you can only have 3 primary partitions (and a logical partition which allows for 64 more) or 4 primary partitions.

So you need to make your new partitions for Linux logical partitions.

Below is an example of the problem your experiencing:



Solution is below:



So from the disk menu in the installation:

1. Remove both your Windows partitions you created (F and G)
2. Create a logical partition (select logical tab when creating a new partition) and set it to the desired size of the root partition leaving enough space for SWAP.
3. Create new partition again (now you've made one logical partition it won't give you the option to choose which type), this time for SWAP.


Then continue from step 8 as per the guide.
 Hope this helps.

Install Ubuntu 11.10 and Windows dual boot installation

To install Ubuntu 11.10 dual boot on your system. This Linux Ubuntu installation demo has been done on virtual machine (virtual Box) by installing Ubuntu inside windows 7.
But before installing Linux Ubuntu, you must see Things to remember before installing Ubuntu to make your Ubuntu installation a perfect one.. These notes are of great importance also for people switching from Windows to Linux dual boot or Ubuntu dual boot operating systems (OS).
A very similar procedure can be applied for installing other Linux based operating systems.
.

Boot through the Live CD or Live USB .Click Install Ubuntu.

Select first option for deleting all other OS and installing Ubuntu as the only OS.Select next option "Something else" for dual boot with window7 ,vista &XP.

Select drive in which Ubuntu is to be install and Click "New Partition table" to make a separate drive for Ubuntu.Empty any drive before through window to prevent data loss

In This window specify the space you want for Ubuntu(at least 5GB). Select Location as "Beginning"select "Ext4 journaling file system" in "Use as" option. Select  Mount point  " / ". It is use as root directory of Ubuntu. Click "OK".

Now Select the option for " Device for boot loader installation ". Select the first option in the list. That will show the whole hard disk of your system.

 

You can also create a Swap partition for Ubuntu. This Swap area act as a physical memory. This is optional if you have large RAM memory. Select any partition and click on "New partition table".

 After creating the SWAP area. Click on "Install Now".

Before this window other window will appear asking for keyboard layout.Select the correct layout of your window in my case it is USA layout.In this window select the corresponding timezone. Now Click "Forward".

  

                                    Fill the form and click next.

And you are done.

How to install Ubuntu Server - Guide

This installation of Ubuntu Server is performed on a PC with a optical drive, but you can alternatively use a USB flash drive too to boot into Ubuntu Server. The how-to to use a USB for installing any version of Linux is described step-by-step here.

Prior to the boot process, make sure that you have put the optical drive/USB drive up in the boot priority from the BIOS of your PC. Or, you can hit F12 repeatedly upon reboot until the boot menu comes along. 

Things to note down before you start to attempt the install. Get a pen and a paper, gentlemen and ladies.

• All the drive's letters and capacity and free space written next to it. You can't see drive letters of your drives while installing. So keeping them handy will be better in all the ways.
• Your PC's IP address. You'll be asked for it just in the third step of installation. Jot it down.
• Your PC's host name, if you've been given any. If you don't have one, you can write whatever you wish for to identify you in a network.

That's it! Get ready for the ride!

     

        1.  Pop the CD/DVD in the optical drive compartment, or plug the USB flash drivein the PC.

        2.  Select ' Install Ubuntu Server' from the menu.

 

        3.  Select a desired language you want to install Ubuntu in, unless you don't want to get help of aliens to control your computer, select your mother tongue.

      

       4.   Put the IP address on the next screen.

      

         5.  Enter the hostname. Or make up something.

 

       6.   In the partition disk menu, select Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM.

       7.  In the next page, select Guided Partition for step-by-step process.

       8.  Again in the next page, select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk

       9.  Set up the user and password for the new account.

      10.  In the subsequent new screen, the OS asks you whether you want to encrypt your home directory. Select Yes.

      11.   Enter HTTP proxy address.

      12.  For the frequency of updates you want to install, it's recommended that you should select manage system with Landscape.

      13.   Select the software you want to install from the Software package manager, or proceed with continue option.

       14.   Select Yes in the GRUB Boot Installer option.

    15. Reboot you PC.

So, you see that? It wasn't that tough after all..!

Ubuntu Update

1. Boot your system to Ubuntu

2. Connect internet to your system

3. Log in to the system

4. Open the Terminal

5. Type the following commands to update the system

To install Security Updates

sudo apt-get update

To install vim

sudo apt-get install vim


To install MAN pages  

sudo apt-get install manpages-dev

Keil Uvision 4 on Ubuntu

Hey all,

            i'm here to help you people out with installing keil in ubuntu.

Now you people might think.Can we really install programs with .exe extensions?

Well,here's an answer to you people "yes"?.

Wine is a powerful software(free software!) that aims to allow computer programs written solely for microsoft windows to run on linux environment.

if you want to know more about it.Here is a link: ( before installing wine just go through it )
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine

Here are few simple steps to install wine :

1. open terminal Applications>accessories>terminal

    2. Type the following command to install wine (you must be connected to
         internet):
                sudo apt-get install wine
    3. After installing wine to make it create duplicate "c:"drive configure it by
        typing "winecfg" in terminal.


Install keil in wine by getting into the location where installation file is located in terminal by

                 "wine file_name.exe"
if file extension is other than exe type: " wine start file_name.abc"

--> installation is done. :)

How to Uninstall or remove Ubuntu from Windows

Some of you might find Ubuntu too tough to handle and want to remove Ubuntu from dual boot option.
Steps to remove/uninstall Ubuntu from Windows dual boot is simple and all you need is your Windows OS DVD or CD.
Here are the steps to uninstall Ubuntu safely from the dual boot option with Windows.

1) Login to your Windows operating system.
2) Goto Computer management ( search in Startup).
3) In the Computer Management window select the Storage->Disk Management.
4) All the hard drive in the computer will appear along with Ubuntu Linux drive. Windows drive will have either file system as NTFS or FAT32. But Linux drive will be unnamed.
5) Right click on Linux drive and delete it. 

Select the Linux Partition and delete it.

Deleting Linux drive not only you deleted Linux partition but also Linux grub loader.
Now you have to install the Windows bootloader. Restart your system and boot from the Windows DVD.

Select Repair your Computer to install Windows bootloader

In the appear window click on Repair your computer.
Now select Command Prompt

Select the Command prompt

In the appear command prompt window type the following commands

• bootrec /fixmbr

• bootrec /fixboot

Reboot your pc and you are done.

Themes

Mac OS X Lion Theme for Ubuntu 12.04/12.10/11.10

Install Mac OS X Lion Theme on Ubuntu 12.04/12.10/11.10/Linux Mint (2nd Version Completed) with two icon sets

Previous shared Mac OS X Lion Version 1 for Ubuntu, People liked this theme also we should thank to Author.
Many People Search for Macbuntu 12.04/Macbuntu 12.10/Macbuntu 11.10/Mac4lin, Mac Ubuntu theme and so on. So here we are ready with Mac OS X Lion Theme for Ubuntu 12.04 Precise Pangolin and Hopefully Mac Theme will work with Linux Mint 13.

What's new in 2nd Version?

• Fix Many bugs in theme and icons
• more smooth,shiny and fast
• fix insensitive progress bar issue 
• fix metacity buttons
• fix color matching between top panel and window when maximized 
• redesign toolbar buttons
• added more roundness in toolbar
• recoloured row colours
• added hover effect on cells and row with slightly bold font effect
• also hover on buttons have bold font effect
• search bar and trash bar got both different colors
• remove border from rubber band
• remove border from floating bar

In 2nd Version Author provide 2 icon packs

Mac Lion Icons

Mac SnowLeopard Icons

1: Download Mac OS X Lion Wallpapers

2: Install Latest Cairo Dock

Right Click on Cairo Dock > Select Launch CairoDock at Startup

3: Scroll Bars Setting: Install Ubuntu Tweak, Go to Miscellaneous and switch off Overlay Scrollbars

4: Install New Apple Logo in Launcher

Enter following commands to install Apple Logo:

• wget -O apple-logo.zip http://dl.dropbox.com/u/53319850/NoobsLab.com/apple-logo.zip
• sudo unzip apple-logo.zip -d /usr/share/unity/5/

It will ask to replace file, Type "A" and Press enter
If you want back Ubuntu enter following commands in terminal:

• wget -O ubuntu-logo.zip http://dl.dropbox.com/u/53319850/NoobsLab.com/ubuntu-logo.zip
• sudo unzip ubuntu-logo.zip -d /usr/share/unity/5/

It will ask to replace file, Type "A" and Press enter

Now Theme Installation:

5: To Install Mac OS X Lion Theme and Icons on Ubuntu open Terminal (Press Ctrl+Alt+T) and copy the following commands in the Terminal:

• sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
Now Enter This Command then go to install commands
• sudo apt-get update
Install Icons
• sudo apt-get install mac-os-lion-icons-v2
Install Theme
• sudo apt-get install mac-os-lion-theme-v2

Install Mac Cursors copy the following commands in the Terminal:

• wget -O mac-cursors.zip http://dl.dropbox.com/u/53319850/NoobsLab.com/mac-cursors.zip
• sudo unzip mac-cursors.zip -d /usr/share/icons/
• sudo rm mac-cursors.zip
• cd /usr/share/icons/mac-cursors
• sudo chmod +x install-mac-cursors.sh uninstall-mac-cursors.sh
• ./install-mac-cursors.sh

To Uninstall Cursors

• cd /usr/share/icons/mac-cursors
• ./uninstall-mac-cursors.sh

6: Disable Crash reports:
Usually you noticed Ubuntu 12.04 crashes more than previous versions, so you can disable reports with following command:

• sudo sed -i "s/enabled=1/enabled=0/g" '/etc/default/apport'

7: Install Compiz Setting Manager to Autohide Unity Launcher:

• sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

8: Install Gnome Tweak Tool/Ubuntu Tweak to change Themes, Icons, Cursors:

• sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool